Licensing Laws and Animal Welfare: The Legal Protection of Wild Animals

1. Introduction.2. Should Animals Use Be Regulated by Law And, If So, How?.3. How Is Animal Use Regulated and How Does This Protect Them?.4. Regulatory Licensing Regimes as a Legislative Framework.5. Primary Licensing Legislation: The Regulation of Zoos.6. Enforcing the Zoo Licensing Act 1981.7. International Perspectives: Snapshots of Zoos from Other Jurisdictions.8. Secondary Licensing Legislation: The Regulation of the Use of Wild Animals in Travelling Circuses in England.9. Enforcing the Welfare of Wild Animals in Travelling Circuses (England) Regulations 2012.10. New Directions in Licensing: The Animal Welfare (Licensing of Actives Involving Animals) (England) Regulations 2018.11. Is Licensing an Effective Means to Regulate the Use of Animals?.12. Making Licensing Work for Animals Recommendations for Change.13. Conclusion: Towards Transparency and Universal Standards for Animal Welfare.