World Agriculture Before and After 1492: Legacy of the Columbian Exchange

Chapter 1. Origins of world crops and livestock

- Peopling of the world

- Origins of agriculture

- Transcontinental dispersal of Near East crops

- Spread of Agriculture across the Mediterranean Basin

- Indian Ocean dispersals

- Dispersal of New World crops

- Evolution of farming methods

- World agriculture systems in 1492

Chapter 2. Evolution of European agriculture

- Background

- Food and diet

- Mixed farming

- Open field system and the manor

- Muslim green revolution in Spain (Al Andalus)

- Spread of the Mediterranean agrosystem

Chapter 3. Agriculture in the Americas in the 16^th century

- Background

- Rural economies in the Americas in 1492

- Food and agriculture of Aztecs

- Food and agriculture of Incas

- Food and agriculture of Maya

- Food and agriculture of Tano

- Food and agriculture of Tupi-Guardi

- Food and agriculture of North America

Chapter 4. The Spanish conquest of the Americas

- The initial Spanish conquest of the Americas

- Spread of the colonies

- Organization of Spanish America

- The Spanish colonial economy

- The Great Dying

- Effects of Columbian exchange on world population

Chapter 5. Crop and livestock introductions into Spanish America

- Background

- Early crop and livestock introductions to New Spain

- Early crop and livestock introductions to Peru

- Plantation crops introduced to Spanish America

Chapter 6. Homogenization of agriculture in Spanish America

- Background

- Colonial farms in the Caribbean

- Colonial farms in Mexico and Peru

- Old World livestock in the New World

Chapter 7. Portuguese colonization of Brazil

- The Portuguese colonization strategy

- Evolution of the Brazilian economy

- Slavery in the Americas

- Crop and Livestock introductions to Brazil

- Spread of sugar plantations to Caribbean

- Out from Africa