Complexity And Criticality

Szerző: Kim Christensen, Nicholas R. Moloney

Nyelv:

Kötés: Kemény kötésű

Kiadó: Imperial College Press

Elérhetőség: Beszállítói készleten

Küldés 9-15 napon belül

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This book provides a challenging and stimulating introduction to the contemporary topics of complexi...

Információk a könyvről

Szerző

Kim Christensen, Nicholas R. Moloney

Nyelv

Angol

Kötés

Könyv - Kemény kötésű

Kiadva

2005

oldal

408

EAN

9781860945045

ISBN

186094504X

Enbook ID

05121777

Kiadó

Imperial College Press

Súly

774

Méretek

158 x 233 x 23

Teljes leírás

This book provides a challenging and stimulating introduction to the contemporary topics of complexity and criticality, and explores their common basis. Criticality refers to the behaviour of extended systems at a phase transition where scale invariance prevails; the many constituent microscopic parts bringing about macroscopic phenomena that cannot be understood by considering a single part alone. The phenomenology of phase transitions is introduced by considering percolation, a simple model with a purely geometrical percolating phase transition, thus enabling the reader to become intuitively familiar with concepts such as scale invariance and renormalisation. The Ising model, meanwhile, is a simple model capturing the phase transition from a disordered to an ordered system as the temperature is lowered in zero external field. By emphasising analogies between percolation and the Ising model, the reader's intuition of phase transitions is developed so that the underlying theoretical formalism may be appreciated fully. These equilibrium systems undergo a phase transition only if an external agent finely tunes certain external parameters to particular values. Besides fractals and phase transitions, there are many examples in Nature of the emergence of such complex behaviour in slowly driven non-equilibrium systems: earthquakes in seismic systems, avalanches in granular media and rainfall in the atmosphere. A class of non-equilibrium systems, with no constraints in having to tune external parameters to obtain critical behaviour, is addressed in the framework of simple models, revealing that repeated application of simple rules might spontaneously give rise to emergent complex behaviour not encoded in the rules themselves. The common basis of complexity and criticality is identified and applied to a range of non-equilibrium systems. Finally, the reader is invited to speculate whether self-organisation in non-equilibrium systems might be a unifying concept for disparate fields such as statistical mechanics, geophysics and atmospheric physics.

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Complexity And Criticality

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